The major species in this group fit into the signature hard pine profile: they have the highest densities (between 36 to 42 lbs/ft3 average dried weight), very abrupt earlywood to latewood transitions, and are very uneven grained. Overall, average dried weights for hard pine species range from 28 to 42 lbs/ft3. Hard pines in general tend to have a more abrupt transition from earlywood to latewood, and have an uneven grain appearance (though there can be certain species that are exceptions). This group is somewhat opposite of the soft pines, not only in obvious areas of hardness and density, but also in regards to earlywood to latewood transition, and grain evenness. The fourth species in the soft pine group, not nearly as commonly used: All species weigh close to the same amount, with average dried weights ranging from 25 to 28 lbs/ft3. Western White Pine falls somewhere between the two previously mentioned species. Sugar Pine, by contrast, has the coarsest texture and the largest resin canals. Of the three, Eastern White Pine tends to have the finest texture (i.e., smallest diameter tracheids) and the smallest resin canals. Species within this group can’t be reliably separated from one another, but it can be helpful to recognize their features in order to distinguish them from the hard pines.There are three principal species of soft pine: This group is characterized by pines with a low density, even grain, and a gradual earlywood to latewood transition. It can help to know what you’ve really got, so let’s go over some of the key types of pine seen today: The Soft Pines Yet there are also a lot of types of pine that are considerably weaker, and while they certainly have a prominent place in the construction industry, by using all species interchangeably with the generic name “pine,” we create a very inaccurate picture of this interesting wood genus!
Take one of the species of southern yellow pine, Shortleaf Pine, for instance: it has strength properties that are roughly equivalent to Red Oak (with the notable exception of hardness)-and in some categories, such as compression strength parallel to the grain, the pine is actually stronger! There’s quite a range in density and strength when it comes to the Pinus genus.
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